5.1
Scope
Installation of fire detection and firefighting equipment fixed centrally or localized or
portable and their arrangement in the buildings shall be performance based. Construction
type and occupancy classification of Buildings shall be as per provisions of this Code.
Part 3 of this Code shall be determinant of construction type and the A-Z list for
occupancy classification. Installation of fire detection and firefighting equipment shall
comply with the Chapter 4 of Part 4 of this Code.
Intent of this Chapter is to reduce the probability of fire incident by confinement,
extinguishment to reduce probability of injury or death from fire, structural failure due to
fire and safety of building use.
Provisions of this Chapter shall be considered as minimum requirement and shall not be
intended to prevent additional installation of higher standard of equipment.
5.1.1
চবৎভড়ৎসধহপব নধংবফ ভরৎব ঢ়ৎড়ঃবপঃরড়হ ংুংঃবস যিরপয রহপষঁফবং ুচধংংরাবচ্:যধঃ রং
ধৎৎধহমবসবহঃ ড়ভ নঁরষফরহম পড়সঢ়ড়হবহঃং ধহফ ুঅপঃরাবচ্ সবধহং ফবঃবপঃরড়হ, ধষধৎস,
extinguishment devices and equipment which shall be incorporated in all buildings unless
otherwise specified in this Code. Performance based design considerations shall be as
follows:
(a)
The starting of a fire incident shall be a single source to evaluate the fire
protection system.
(b)
The prime objective of a fire protection system to safe life and minimization
of property damage shall be achieved by using required design scenarios and
the performance criteria to be fulfilled. Each design scenario shall be
challenging as realistic and the probability of occurrence is present in the
building shall be reduced and protected.
(c)
Design scenario shall include but not limited to those specified in Sections
5.1.2 to 5.1.4 and shall be documented and demonstrated to the satisfaction of
the authorities having jurisdiction.
(d)
Each design scenario used in the performance-based design shall be
translated into input data specification as appropriate for calculation method
or model.
(e)
Input data of any design scenario did not analyzed and explicitly addressed or
incorporated shall be omitted from input data specifications, shall be
identified by a sensitivity analysis of the consequences of the modification
for such omissions shall be performed.
5.1.2
Design Scenario I
Fire Class and Fire resistance rating shall be determined as per provision of this Code for
the followings:
(a)
All surface finish materials.
(b)
Structural Members.
(c)
Joints of Structural Members.
(d)
All slabs.
(e)
Roof Slab.
(f)
Joints between Slabs.
(g)
All Exterior Walls.
(h)
All Interior Walls.
(i)
Partitions.
(j)
Suspended Ceiling.
Construction classification and the structural stability shall be concluded and
documented.
5.1.3
Design Scenario II
Occupancy specific design scenario representative of a typical fire shall explicitly specify
the following:
(a)
Occupant activities.
(b)
Number and location of occupants.
(c)
Room size.
(d)
Number of Control Area.
(e)
Furnishings and contents.
(f)
Fuel Properties represented by Fire Class and ignition sources.
(g)
Ventilation conditions.
(h)
First item ignited and its location.
5.1.4
Design Scenario III
(a)
The largest possible fuel load characteristic of the normal operation of the
building shall be considered regarding a rapid developing fire in presence of
occupants.
(b)
A slow-developing fire shielded from protection in the close proximity to a
high occupancy area shall be considered a concern regarding a relatively
small ignition source causing a significant fire.
(c)
A concealed space or suspended ceiling space adjacent to a large occupied
room shall be considered a concern regarding a fire originating in a concealed
space that does not have either detection system or suppression system and
then spreading into the room within holding the greatest number of
occupants.
(d)
An Ultrafast developing fire in the main exit access portion in a condition
when interior doors are open but reduction in number of available of means
of egress shall be considered.
(e)
A room normally unoccupied from where a fire starts that can potentially
endanger a large number of occupants in a room or other area shall be
considered.
(f)
The concern regarding exposure of fire outside of an area of incident
started at a remote location either spreading from the area or bypassing
barriers spread into another area and developed untenable condition
thereof.
(g)
The reliability and the design performance shall be considered for fire
detection and protection system in such a way that a fire originating in
ordinary combustibles in a room with each passive or active fire protection
system or fire protection feature independently rendered ineffective shall be
considered individually being unreliable or becoming unavailable. This
scenario shall not be considered for a room or a space or a building where fire
detection and protection systems or any independent features are absent.
5.1.5
Fire class shall be determined for all movables in each room and all control
areas in the building.
5.1.6
Fire Protection Plan
A building or part thereof must have a fire protection plan for the following cases.
(a)
High rise building or building sections 33 m and above in heights.
(b)
Building or building sections classified in the occupancy groups G, H, J, K
and M which are two or more storey in height with over 1858 m2 per gross
floor area or are two or more in height with total area exceeding 4717 m2
gross floor area.
(c)
Building classified as A3 containing 30 or more dwelling units; A4 and A5
having gross floor area of the building more than 1200 m2.
(d)
Part of a building used as mercantile, assembly, institutional or health care
having gross floor area of the building over 930 m2.
(e)
Alteration to a building or a portion thereof listed in Sections 5.1.6(a) to
5.1.6(d) above, if cost of alteration equivalent to one third cost of new
construction of the same or more or involves changes in occupancy
classification.
(f)
The plan shall include information where applicable building address, height
in meter, occupancy classification, detail occupant load.
(g)
Key Plan shows all floors, exits, corridors, partitions serving as fire
separations or compartments, locations and ratings of required enclosures,
windowless stair with pressurization, exit discharge, locations of frontage
space including street width of abutting plot.
(h)
Descriptions in narrative forms of safety systems and features where
applicable, including:
Communications systems
Alarm system
Detection systems
Location of fire commend station
Elevator recall
Emergency lighting and power
Extinguishing equipment
Compartmentation
Horizontal exits
Mechanical ventilation and air conditioning
Smoke control systems and equipment
Furnishing type and materials
Places of assembly
Fire department access
Other system, required or voluntary to be installed
(i)
A fire protection plan shall be signed by the same architect who is signing on
the proposed drawings for building approval and any person responsible for
the Fire protection design.
5.2
Specific Recommendations
Specific recommendations applicable for buildings complied with the followings:
5.2.1
All building constructed monolithically as per provisions of this Code as an
inherent full fire resistive construction type shall be termed as Type I-A.
5.2.2
All surface finishes shall be Class-I within the range of zero to twenty five flame
spread index.
5.2.3
Any offsite construction, pre-stressed, pre-fabricated or steel structure encased
with fire resistive assembly shall be termed as Modified Type I-A.
5.2.4
The following recommendations for fire protection system specified in Sections
5.3 to 5.14 are made based on construction type and surface finishes specified in Sections
5.2.1 and 5.2.2 respectively.
5.2.5
All buildings of any occupancy type and construction type as per provisions of
this Code other than Sec 5.2.1 with all surface finish as per Sec 5.2.2 shall provide a
performance based fire protection.
5.3
Occupancy A: Residential
The residential buildings complied with Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 shall provide the
following active fire protection:
5.3.1
Occupancy A1 and A2: Single Family Dwelling and Two Families Dwelling
(a)
For buildings having total floor area less than 500 m2, fire detection and fixed
firefighting arrangements is not required.
(b)
Buildings exceeding total floor area 500 m2 shall have manual alarm system
and portable extinguishers provided in the escape stairs route or in lift lobby
and as per provision of this Code.
5.3.2
Occupancy A3: Flats and Apartments
(a)
Up to 33 m height fire detection and fixed firefighting arrangement shall not
be required.
(b)
No protection is required within the dwelling units of high rise flats and
apartments; manual alarm system and fixed hydrant system shall be provided
in the landings of fire stairs or in the lift lobby as per the provisions of this
Code.
5.3.3
Occupancy A4: Mess, Boarding House and Hostels
(a)
For buildings up to 2 storey height, fire detection, fire alarm and fixed
firefighting arrangements shall not be required.
(b)
Buildings having 3 stories and having floor area less than 300 m2 shall not
require fire detection and fixed firefighting arrangements.
(c)
The floor area of 3 stories building having more than 300 m2 per floor and
less than 33 m height having central corridor with rooms on both sides,
manual fire alarm system shall be provided along with portable fire
extinguishers. Instead of double loaded corridor a single loaded corridor
having 3 m width shall not require any detection and fixed firefighting
arrangements.
(d)
High rise boarding house, mess and hostels manually operated electric fire
alarm system shall be provided along with hydrant system.
5.3.4
Occupancy A5: Hotels and Lodging Houses
(a)
For buildings up to 2 storey height, fire detection, fire alarm and fixed
firefighting arrangements is not required.
(b)
Buildings having 3 floors or above and having floor area less than 300 m2
shall not require fire detection and fixed firefighting arrangements.
(c)
The floor area of such building is more than 300 m2 per floor and low rise
building having central corridor with rooms on both sides, manually operated
fire alarm system shall be provided along with portable fire extinguishers.
For low rise buildings with other configurations performance based
firefighting system shall be required as per the provisions of this Code.
(d)
High rise hotels and lodging houses manually operated electric fire alarm
system shall be provided along with hydrant system.
5.4
Occupancy B: Educational
The educational buildings complied with Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 shall be provided with
the following active fire protection:
5.4.1
Low rise buildings with open corridor of 3m width fire detection and fixed
firefighting arrangements shall not be required.
5.4.2
High rise building or building having central corridor with classrooms on both
sides, manual fire alarm and hydrant systems shall be required as per provisions of this
Code. Single loaded open corridor having width of 3 m or more shall have detection and
manual alarm systems.
5.4.3
Where hydrants cannot be used to extinguish fire in those areas appropriate
portable firefighting appliances shall be installed as per standard.
5.5
Occupancy C: Institution For Care
The Institution for care buildings complied with Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 shall be
provided with the following active fire protection:
5.5.1
Occupancy C1: Institution for Care of Children:
Fire detection and fixed firefighting arrangements shall not be required. Portable
firefighting appliances shall be installed as per the provisions of this Code.
5.5.2
Occupancy C2: Custodial Institution for the Physically Capable adults:
Fire detection and fixed firefighting arrangements shall not be required. Portable
firefighting appliances shall be installed as per the provisions of this Code.
5.5.3
Occupancy C3, C4, C5: Custodial Institution for the Physically Incapable,
Penal and mental institutions for children and Penal and mental institutions for
adults:
Manually operated electric fire alarm system shall be installed. Portable firefighting
appliances shall be installed as per the provisions of this Code.
5.6
Occupancy D: Health Care Facilities
The Health care facilities buildings complied with Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 shall be
provided with the following active fire protection:
5.6.1
Occupancy D1: Normal and Emergency Medical Facilities:
(a)
Manually operated electric fire alarm system or automatic fire alarm system
shall be installed in the duty room, so that the duty personnel receive the fire
warning well in advance. Portable fire fighting appliances shall be installed
as per the provisions of this Code.
(b)
For low rise health care facility buildings with more the 300 m2 per floor,
performance based fire fighting system shall be required as per the provisions
of this Code.
(c)
For high rise health care facility buildings, manually operated electric fire
alarm system shall be provided along with hydrant system.
5.7
Occupancy E: Business
The Business buildings complied with Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 shall be provided with the
following active fire protection:
Buildings
Active Fire Protection
(i)
Office buildings up to 2 storey
high and 500 m2 single effective
undivided space in a floor.
Portable fire extinguishers or hydrants.
(ii) Office buildings more than 2
storey high or more than 500 m2
single effective undivided space
in a floor.
Manually operated electric fire alarm
system shall be provided along with
portable fire extinguishers or hydrants.
(iii)
Laboratories with precession
instruments.
Automatic
fire
alarm
system
and
performance based extinguishing system.
(iv) Control areas of office buildings
dealing with flammable liquids.
Automatic foam or gaseous or dry chemical
fire extinguishing system required along
with portable fire extinguishers.
(v) Solvent storage in a control area
of an office
Automatic
fire
alarm
system
and
performance based foam or gaseous or dry
chemical fire extinguishers or portable fire
extinguishers.
(vii) Telecommunication, Internet
gateway equipment or
computer installation in an
unattended server room.
Automatic
fire
alarm
system
and
performance based fixed gaseous or fixed
vaporizing liquid extinguishers or portable
fire extinguishers.
(viii) Electrical low tension
distribution panel room in a sub-
station.
Automatic
fire
alarm
system
and
performance based localized fixed gaseous
or
vaporizing
liquid
extinguisher
or
portable fire extinguishers.
(ix) Space under one false ceiling
more than 500 m2
Automatic fire alarm system shall be
installed for above and under the false
ceiling.
Buildings
Active Fire Protection
(x) Essential Services
(Occupancy E3)
Due to importance of services and the
functionality of the building of this
occupancy
classification
during
any
national or local emergency situation thus
the fire protection system design shall be
performance based (Sec 5.1.1).
(xi) High rise office buildings
Manually operated electric fire alarm
system shall be provided along with
hydrant system.
5.8
Occupancy F: Mercantile
The Mercantile buildings complied with Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 shall be provided with
the following active fire protections:
5.8.1
Occupancy F1: Small Shops and Markets
Mercantile
Active Fire Protection
(i)
Whole sale establishments,
transport booking
establishments.
Manual fire alarm system shall be provided
along with portable fire extinguishers or
hydrant.
(ii) Other premises (other than
shops, stores, markets etc.)
Manual fire alarm system shall be provided
along with portable fire extinguishers or
hydrant.
5.8.2
Occupancy F2: Large Shops and Markets
Mercantile
Active Fire Protection
(i)
Shopping arcade with central
corridors open to sky
Manual fire alarm system and portable fire
extinguishers shall be provided or hydrant.
(ii) Mercantile building under
covered roof with single effective
undivided space more than 500
m2 on each floor
Manual fire alarm system and hydrant
system with performance based portable
fire extinguisher shall be installed.
(iii)
Underground mercantile
structure
Automatic fire alarm system, sprinklers and
standpipe with performance based portable
fire extinguisher shall be installed.
5.8.3
Occupancy F3: Petrol and CNG Stations
Mercantile
Active Fire Protection
(i)
Petrol pump and CNG station,
automobile garages
Fixed automatic foam or gaseous or dry
chemical fire extinguishing system shall be
provided along with portable extinguisher.
(ii)
Aircraft hangars
Automatic foam or gaseous or dry chemical
fire extinguishing system shall be provided
along with portable extinguisher.
5.9
Occupancy G: Industrial
The Industrial buildings complied with Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 shall be provided with
the following active fire protection:
5.9.1
Occupancy G1: Low Hazard Industries
Manually operated electric fire alarm system shall be installed with portable fire
extinguishers or hydrants when occupant loads are not more than 150.
Where occupant loads are more than 150 active fire protections shall be performance
based.
5.9.2
Occupancy G2: Moderate Hazard Industries
Among the moderate hazard industries where large number of occupants are densely
populated in a building, the active fire protections shall be performance based. Fire safety
requirement for such type industry is elaborated as follows:
(a)
Where occupancy load is more than 150 per production area shall have
minimum 9.5 m3 air volume per occupant.
(b)
There shall have direct exits from the ground floor. This exit doors shall be
used by only the occupant of the ground floor.
(c)
Buildings less than 33 m in height shall have open stair and the interior stairs
shall be protected by fire rated enclosures. Occupants located 33 m or above,
all stair shall have smoke proof enclosures constructed as per provision of the
Code.
(d)
All windows or openings on exterior walls passable by occupant located
above 3 m in height shall be protected by grills and all these grills shall be
designed as such that a part or a portion having minimum 0.6 m height and
minimum 0.75 m width framed and the grill within the frame shall be side
hinged or pivoted so that it can swing. This swing type operable portion must
be always locked and in case of emergency the firefighters can open by
breaking the lock for rescue operation.
(e)
The floor shall be constructed such that the travel path of the occupant shall
not be exceeded as per Table 4.3.7 of this Code.
(f)
As per general requirements, all exit access doors shall be of a side-swinging
type. Fulfilling the conditions laid down by NFPA 101, edition 2015, article
7.2.1.4 horizontal sliding or vertical-rolling security grills or door assemblies
that are part of the required means of egress shall be permitted.
(g)
All raw materials, finished good and accessories shall be stored in control areas
as per provision of part 3.
(h)
Density of storage materials per control area shall not be exceeded the
provision of this Code.
(i)
During production that is feeding, checking for quality control rejects,
waiting area for finishing, packing, cartooning etc. in every case dedicated
area shall be defined as on process storages. The total volume of materials on
process shall be such that in every four hour the material shall be used up and
the finished goods shall be transferred to controlled area as finished goods
store.
(j)
From each end every work station shall be connected with a passage. The
width of the passage shall comply with the provision of this Code Chapter 3
Part 4.
(k)
Cargo lift and passenger lift shall have smoke proof lift lobby.
(l)
Occupant load in a single effective undivided space shall not exceed 600. In
case of existing building if the occupant load of a single effective undivided
space exceeds 600, the space shall be compartmented complying with the
horizontal exit provision of the Code.
(m) Where control areas and in process stores having materials may cause a fire
classified as fire class A shall have hydrant system as per provision of this
Code. In the utility occupancy areas fire extinguishing system shall be
installed as per provision as specified for utilities of this Code.
(n)
If there any change of fire classification due to the working condition or raw
materials than appropriate extinguishing system shall be installed as per
provision of this Code.
(o)
Up to 750 m2 single effective undivided space in a floor shall be installed
with manual fire alarm system with portable fire extinguishers or as an
alternate hydrants system shall be installed as per provisions of this Code.
(p)
Above 750 m2 single effective undivided space in a floor shall be fitted with
manual fire alarms system with hydrants shall be installed.
5.10
Occupancy H: Storage
The Storage buildings complied with Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 shall be provided with the
following Active fire protection:
5.10.1
Occupancy H1: Low Fire Risk Storage
Manually operated electric fire alarm system shall be installed. Depending on the type of
materials to be stored, performance based fire protection shall be installed as per
provision of this Code.
5.10.2
Occupancy H2: Moderate Fire Risk Storage
Performance based fire protection system shall be installed as per provision of this Code.
5.11
Occupancy I: Assembly
The Assembly buildings complied with Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 shall be provided with
the following Active fire protection:
5.11.1
Occupancy I1: Large Assembly with Fixed Seats
All auditorium, corridor, green rooms and canteen attached to assembly buildings shall be
fitted with manual fire alarm system and the performing stage should preferably be
covered by an automatic sprinkler system. Portable firefighting appliances shall be
installed as per specification of the manufacturer and provision of this Code.
5.11.2
Occupancy I2: Small Assembly with Fixed Seats
Requirements specified in Sec 5.6.1 shall be complied.
5.11.3
Occupancy I3: Large Assembly without Fixed Seats
Automatic fire alarm system shall be provided. Portable firefighting appliances shall be
installed as per specification of the manufacturer and provision of this Code.
5.11.4
Occupancy I4: Small Assembly without Fixed Seats
Requirements specified in Sec 5.6.3 shall be complied.
5.11.5
Occupancy I5: Sports Facilities
Manually operated electric fire alarm system shall be provided. Portable firefighting
appliances shall be installed as per specification of the manufacturer and provision of this
Code.
5.12
Occupancy J: Hazardous
The Hazardous buildings complied with Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 shall be provided with
the following Active fire protection:
All hazardous occupancies shall be installed with automatic fire alarm and automatic
fixed firefighting gaseous or foam or dry chemical extinguishing system as compatible
with class of fire shall be installed as per provision of this Code.
5.13
Occupancy K: Garages
The parking buildings (garages) complied with Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 shall provide the
following fire protections:
(a)
Where both parking and repair operations are conducted in the same building,
the entire building shall comply with the requirement stated in this Code for
Occupancy G1.
(b)
Where the parking and repair sections are separated by not less than 1-hour
fire-rated construction, the parking and repair sections shall be permitted to
be treated separately.
(c)
In areas where repair operations are conducted, the requirement of
Occupancy G1 shall be fulfilled.
(d)
The area used only for parking shall fulfill the requirement as laid down in
chapter 42 of NFPA 101 edition 2015.
5.14
Occupancy L: Utilities
Fire protection system shall be as stated in Sec 2.12 of this Code.
5.15
Occupancy M: Miscellaneous
Performance based fire protection system shall be installed. Last modified on August 26, 2026
