Chapter 2: Building Materials

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2.1 General

Materials used for the construction of buildings shall conform to standard specifications listed in this Part of the Code. Any deviation from the type design or architectural detail from those specified in these standards may be accepted by the Building Official as long as the materials standards specified therein are conformed with.

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2.1.1 New or Alternative Materials

The provisions of this Part are not intended to prevent the use of any new and alternative materials. Any such material may be approved provided it is shown to be satisfactory for the purpose intended and at least equivalent of that required in this Part in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistivity, durability, safety, maintenance and compatibility. Approval in writing shall be obtained by the owner or his agent before any new, alternative or equivalent materials are used. The Building Official shall base such approval on the principle set forth above and shall require that specified tests be made as per Sec 2.1.4 or sufficient evidence or proof be submitted, at the expense of the owner or his agent, to substantiate any claim for the proposed material.

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2.1.2 Used Materials

The provisions of this Part do not preclude the use of used or reclaimed materials provided such materials meet the applicable requirements as for new materials for their intended use.

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2.1.3 Storage of Materials

All building materials shall be stored at the building site(s) in such a way as to prevent deterioration or the loss or impairment of their structural and other essential properties (Part 7 of this Code).

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2.1.4 Methods of Test

Every test of material required in this Part, or by the Building Official, for the control of quality and for the fulfillment of design and specification requirements, shall be carried out in accordance with a standard method of test issued by the Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI). In the absence of Bangladesh Standards, the Building Official shall determine the test procedures. Laboratory tests shall be conducted by recognized laboratories acceptable to the Building Official. If, in the opinion of the Building Official, there is insufficient evidence of compliance with any of the provisions of the Code or there is evidence that any material or construction does not conform to the requirements of this Code, the Building Official may require tests to be performed as proof of compliance. The cost of any such test shall be borne by the owner. The manufacturer or supplier shall satisfy himself that the materials conform to the relevant standards and if requested shall furnish a certificate or guarantee to this effect.

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2.2 Masonry

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2.2.1 Aggregates

Aggregates for masonry shall conform to the standards listed as follows: ASTM C144 Aggregates for Masonry Mortar; ASTM C404 Aggregates for Masonry Grout; ASTM C331 Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units (the applicable Standards for masonry are listed at the end of this Section).

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2.2.2 Cement

Cement for masonry shall conform to the standards listed as follows: BDS EN 197-1: 2003 Cement Part-1 Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements; or ASTM C150/C150M Portland Cement; ASTM C91 Masonry Cement; ASTM C595/C595M Blended Hydraulic Cements.

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2.2.3 Lime

Limes for masonry shall conform to the standards listed as follows: ASTM C5, Quicklime for Structural Purposes; ASTM C207, Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes.

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2.2.4 Masonry Units

• (a) Clay: Masonry units of clay (or shale) shall conform to the standards listed as follows: BDS 208: 2009, Common building clay bricks; BDS 1249:1989, Acid resistant bricks; BDS 1250: 1990, Burnt clay facing bricks; BDS 1263: 1990, Burnt clay hollow bricks for walls and partitions; BDS 1264 : 1990, Glossary of terms relating to structural clay products; BDS 1432: 1993, Burnt clay perforated building bricks; BDS 1803: 2008, Specification for hollow clay bricks and blocks; ASTM C34 Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile; ASTM C212 Structural Clay Facing Tile; ASTM C56 Structural Clay Non-Load-Bearing Tile; and IS 7556 Burnt clay jallies.
• (b) Concrete: Concrete masonry units shall conform to the standards listed as follows :

• (c) Others

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2.2.5 Mortar

Mortar shall consist of a mixture of cementitious material and aggregates to which sufficient water and approved additives, if any, have been added to achieve a workable, plastic consistency. Cementitious materials for mortar shall be one or more of the following: lime, masonry cement, Portland cement and mortar cement. Mortar for masonry construction other than the installation of ceramic tile shall conform to the requirements of BDS 1303: 1990 Chemical resistant mortars; BDS 1304:1990 Methods of test for chemical resistant mortars; ASTM C270, Mortar for Unit Masonry.

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2.2.6 Grout

Grout shall consist of a mixture of cementitious materials and aggregates to which water has been added such that the mixture will flow without segregation of the constituents. Cementitious materials for grout shall be one or both of the following: Lime and Portland cement. Grout shall have a minimum compressive strength of 13 MPa. Grout used in reinforced and unreinforced masonry construction shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C476 Grout for Masonry.

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2.2.7 Mortar for Ceramic Wall and Floor Tile

Portland cement mortars for installing ceramic wall and floor tile shall comply with ANSI A 108.1-2005 listed in Sec 2.2.11 and be of the composition specified in Table 5.2.1.

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2.2.7.1 Dry-set leveling cement mortars

Premixed prepared leveling cement mortars, which require only the addition of water and are used in the installation of ceramic tile, shall comply with ANSI A118.1. The shear bond strength for tile set in such mortar shall be as required in accordance with ANSI A118.1. Tile set in dry-set Portland cement mortar shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A108.5.

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2.2.7.2 Latex-modified leveling cement mortar

Latex-modified leveling cement thin-set mortars in which latex is added to dry-set mortar as a replacement for all or Part of the gauging water that are used for the installation of ceramic tile shall comply with ANSI A118.4. Tile set in latex-modified leveling cement shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A108.5.

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2.2.7.3 Epoxy mortar

Ceramic tile set and grouted with chemical-resistant epoxy shall comply with ANSI A118.3. Tile set and grouted with epoxy shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A108.6.

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2.2.7.4 Furan mortar and grout

Chemical-resistant furan mortar and grout that are used to install ceramic tile shall comply with ANSI A118.5. Tile set and grouted with furan shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A108.8.

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2.2.7.5 Modified epoxy-emulsion mortar and grout

Modified epoxy-emulsion mortar and grout that are used to install ceramic tile shall comply with ANSI A118.8. Tile set and grouted with modified epoxy-emulsion mortar and grout shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A108.9.

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2.2.7.6 Organic adhesives

Water-resistant organic adhesives used for the installation of ceramic tile shall comply with ANSI A136.1. The shear bond strength after water immersion shall not be less than 275 kPa (40 psi) for Type I adhesive and not less than 138 kPa (20 psi) for Type II adhesive when tested in accordance with ANSI A136.1. Tile set in organic adhesives shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A108.4.

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2.2.7.7 Portland cement grouts

Portland cement grouts used for the installation of ceramic tile shall comply with ANSI A118.6. Portland cement grouts for tile work shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A108.10.

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2.2.7.8 Mortar for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) masonry

Thin-bed mortar for AAC masonry shall comply with Article 2.1 C.1 of TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6. Mortar used for the leveling courses of AAC masonry shall comply with Article 2.1 C.2 of TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6.

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2.2.8 Metal Ties and Anchors

Metal ties and anchors shall conform to the standards listed as follows: ASTM A82/A82M, Wire Anchor and Ties; and ASTM A1008/A1008M, Sheet Metal Anchors and Ties. Table 5.2.1: Ceramic Tile Mortar Compositions

• Lime may be excluded from the mortar if trial mixes indicate that the desired workability and performance are achieved without lime.

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2.2.9 Reinforcement

Reinforcement in masonry shall conform to the standards listed as follows: ASTM A82/A82M, Cold Drawn Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement; ASTM A615/A615M, Deformed and Plain Billet Steel Bars; ASTM A996/A996M, Rail-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars; ASTM A996/A996M, Axle-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars; ASTM A706/A706M, Low-Alloy Steel Deformed Bars; ASTM A767/A767M, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Bars; and ASTM A775/A775M, Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Steel Bars.

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2.2.10 Water

Water used in mortar or grout shall be clean and free of deleterious amounts of acid, alkalis or organic material or other harmful substances.

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2.2.11 Applicable Standards for Masonry

The applicable standards for Masonry are listed below: BDS EN 197-1 Cement Part-1 Composition, Specifications and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements. BDS 208 Specification for Common Building Clay Bricks : Specifies the dimensions, quality and strength of common burnt clay bricks, methods of sampling, testing etc.

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2.3 Cement and Concrete

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2.3.1 General

Materials used to produce concrete, and admixtures used for concrete shall comply with the requirements of this Section and those of Chapter 5 Part 6 of this Code.

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2.3.2 Aggregates

Concrete aggregates shall conform to the following standards: BDS 243: 1963, Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete; ASTM C33/C33M Concrete Aggregates; ASTM C330/C330M Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete; ASTM C637 Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete; ASTM C332 Lightweight Aggregate for Insulating Concrete; IS: 9142 Artificial lightweight aggregates for concrete masonry units.

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2.3.2.1 Special tests

Aggregates failing to meet the specifications listed in Sec 2.4.2 shall not be used unless it is shown by special test or actual service experience to produce concrete of adequate strength and durability and approved by the Building Official.

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2.3.2.2 Nominal size

Nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate shall not be larger than:

• (a) One-fifth of the narrowest dimension between sides of forms; or
• (b) One-third the depth of slabs; or
• (c) Three fourths the minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars or wires, bundles of bars, or pre-stressing tendons or ducts.

Exception: The above limitations regarding size of coarse aggregate may be waived if, in the judgment of the Engineer, workability and methods of consolidation are such that concrete can be placed without honeycomb or voids.

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2.3.3 Cement

Cement shall conform to the following standards: BDS EN 197-1:2003 Cement Part-1 Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements, BDS 612 Sulphate resisting Portland cement-type A, ASTM C150/C150M Standard Specification for Portland Cement, BDS 232 Portland cement, ASTM C595/C595M Blended Hydraulic Cements, and to other such cements listed in ACI 318.

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2.3.4 Water

Water used in mixing concrete shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of oils, alkalies salts, organic materials or other substances that may be deleterious to concrete or reinforcement. Water shall conform to the following standards: BDS ISO 12439:2011 Mixing water for concrete.

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2.3.4.1 Chloride ions

Mixing water for pre-stressed concrete or for concrete that will contain aluminium embedment, including the portion of mixing water contributed in the form of free moisture on aggregates shall not contain deleterious amounts of chloride ion. The maximum water-soluble chloride ion concentration in concrete shall not exceed the limitations specified in Sec 5.5.3 Part 6.

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2.3.4.2 Potability

Nonpotable water shall not be used in concrete unless the following are satisfied:

• (a) Selection of concrete proportions shall be based on concrete mixes using water from such source.
• (b) Mortar test cubes made with non-potable mixing water shall have 7 days and 28 days strengths equal to at least 90 percent of strengths of similar specimens made with potable water.

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2.3.5 Admixtures

Admixtures to be used in concrete shall be subject to prior approval by the Building Official and shall comply with Sections 2.4.5.1 to 2.4.5.5.Admixtures shall conform following standards: BDS EN 934-1 Admixtures for Concrete, Mortar and Grout-Part 1: Common Requirements. BDS EN 934-2 Admixtures for Concrete, Mortar and Grout-Part 2: Concrete Admixtures Definitions, Requirements, Conformity, Marking and Labelling.

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2.3.5.1 Chloride

Calcium chloride or admixtures containing chloride from admixture ingredients shall not be used in prestressed concrete, concrete containing embedded aluminium in concrete cast against permanent galvanized metal forms, or in concrete exposed to severe or very severe sulphate-containing solutions (Sec 5.5.2.1 Part 6).

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2.3.5.2 Standards

Air-entraining admixtures shall conform to ASTM C260 Standard Specification for Airentraining Admixtures for Concrete. Water-reducing admixtures, retarding admixtures, accelerating admixtures, water-reducing and retarding admixtures, and water-reducing and accelerating admixtures shall conform to ASTM C494/C494M Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, or ASTM C1017/C1017M Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete.

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2.3.5.3 Pozzolanas

Fly ash (Pulverized Fuel Ash) or other Pozzolanas used as admixtures shall conform to ASTM C618 Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolanas for Use in Concrete.

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2.3.5.4 Blast furnace slag

Ground granulated blast-furnace slag used as an admixture shall conform to ASTM C989 Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars.

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2.3.5.5 Pigment for coloured concrete

Pigment for integrally coloured concrete shall conform to ASTM C979 Standard Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete.

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2.3.6 Metal Reinforcement

Reinforcement and welding of reinforcement to be placed in concrete shall conform to the requirements of this Section.

• (a) Deformed Reinforcement: Deformed reinforcing bars shall conform to the following Standards; BDS ISO 6935-2:2010, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete-Part-2: Ribbed bars; Reinforcement conforming to the ASTM, Standards: A615/A615M Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars; A616M, Rail-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars; A617M Axle-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars; A706M Low-Alloy Steel Deformed Bars; A767M Zinc Coated (Galvanized) Steel Bars; and A775M Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Steel.

Deformed reinforcing bars with a specified yield strength exceeding 410 MPa may be used, provided $f_y$ shall be the stress corresponding to a strain of 0.35 percent and the bars otherwise conform to ASTM standards noted above. Fabricated deformed steel bar mats conforming to ASTM A184/A184M and deformed steel wire complying with ASTM A496/A496M may be used. Deformed wire for concrete reinforcement shall not be smaller than size D4 (nominal diameter: 5.72 mm), and for wire with a specified yield strength $f_y$ exceeding 410 MPa, $f_y$ shall be the stress corresponding to a strain of 0.35 percent. Welded deformed steel wire fabric conforming to ASTM A497/A497M may be used; for a wire with specified yield strength $f_y$ exceeding 410 MPa, $f_y$ shall be the stress corresponding to a strain of 0.35 percent. Welded intersections shall not be spaced farther apart than 400 mm in direction of calculated stress, except for wire fabric used as stirrups.

• (b) Plain Reinforcement: Plain reinforcement shall conform to the following BDS and ASTM Standards. BDS ISO 6935-1:2010; ASTM A615/A615M; ASTM A996/A996M and ASTM A996/A996M. Steel welded wire, fabric plain reinforcement conforming to ASTM A185/A185M may be used, except that for wire with specified yield strength $f_y$ exceeding 410 MPa, $f_y$ shall be the stress corresponding to a strain of 0.35 percent. Welded intersections shall not be spaced farther apart than 300 mm in direction of calculated stress, except for wire fabric used as stirrups.

Smooth steel wire conforming to ASTM A182/A182M may be used in concrete; except that for a wire with specified yield strength $f_y$ exceeding 410 MPa, $f_y$ shall be the stress corresponding to a strain of 0.35 percent.

• (c) Cold-worked Steel Reinforcement: Cold-worked steel high strength bars shall conform to IS 1786 or BS 4461: 1978.
• (d) Pre-stressing Tendons: Wire, strands and bars for tendons in pre-stressed concrete shall conform to BDS: 240 Plain cold drawn steel wire; ASTM A416/A416M Steel Strand Uncoated Seven-Wire Stress Relieved; ASTM A421/A421M: Uncoated Stress Relieved Steel Wire; and ASTM A722/A722M: Uncoated High-Strength Steel Bar.

Wires, strands and bars not specifically listed in the above standards may be used, provided they conform to minimum requirements of these specifications and do not have properties that make them less satisfactory than those listed.

• (e) Structural Steel, Steel Pipe or Tubing: Structural steel used with reinforcing bars in composite compression members meeting the requirements of the Code shall conform to ASTM A36/A36M Structural Steel; ASTM A242/A242M High Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel; ASTM A572/A572M High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Steel; and ASTM A588/A588M High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel.

Steel pipe or tubing for composite compression members composed of a steel-encased concrete core meeting the requirements of this Code shall conform to ASTM A53/A53M Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot Dipped Zinc Coated Welded and Seamless; ASTM A500/A500M Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes; and ASTM A501 Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing.

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2.3.7 Applicable Standards

Materials used in concrete shall comply with the applicable standards listed below.

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2.3.8 Concrete Pipe and Precast Sections

Concrete pipes and precast sections shall conform to the Standards listed below:

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2.4 Pre-Stressed Concrete

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2.4.1 Concrete for Pre-stressed Concrete

Cement and concrete required for pre-stressed concrete are elaborately described in Sec 2.3 of this Part. BDS and other standards for concrete as a material are also contained in the same section.

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2.4.2 Steel for Pre-stressed Concrete

Steel and tendons for pre-stressed concrete along with the BDS and other standard requirements are included in Sec 2.8 of this Part. Steel material for pre-stressed concrete shall also conform following Standards.

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2.5 Building Limes

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2.5.1 Types of Lime

According to the degree of calcinations, slaking and setting actions and depending upon the nature and amount of foreign matters associated with, the limes are classified as: (i) High calcium, fat, rich, common or pure lime; (ii) Lean, meager or poor lime; and (iii) Hydraulic or water lime

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2.5.2 Properties of Lime

A good lime should slake readily in water, dissolve in soft water, free from fuel ashes and unburnt particles and have good setting power under water. Building limes shall comply with the following ASTM standard specifications: ASTM C206 Finishing Hydrated Lime; ASTM C207 Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes; ASTM C141/C141M Hydraulic Hydrated Lime for Structural Purposes; ASTM C977 Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization; and ASTM C5 Quicklime for Structural Purposes. The following Indian Standards may also be accepted for lime concrete and testing of building limes:

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2.6 Gypsum Based Materials and Plaster

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2.6.1 Gypsum Board

Gypsum wallboard, gypsum sheathing, gypsum base for gypsum veneer plaster, exterior gypsum soffit board, pre-decorated gypsum board or water resistant gypsum backing board complying with the standards listed below.

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2.6.2 Gypsum Plaster

A mixture of calcined gypsum or calcined gypsum and lime and aggregate and other approved materials as specified in this Code.

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2.6.3 Gypsum Veneer Plaster

Gypsum plaster applied to an approved base in one or more coats normally not exceeding 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in total thickness.

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2.6.4 Cement Plaster

A mixture of Portland or blended cement, Portland cement or blended cement and hydrated lime, masonry cement or plastic cement and aggregate and other approved materials as specified in this Code. Gypsum building materials shall conform to the Standards listed below.

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2.7 Flooring Materials

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2.7.1 General

Flooring materials are generally of two types; precast systems like tiles, bricks and cast in-situ.

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2.7.2 Concrete/Terrazzo Tiles

Concrete/Terrazzo tiles shall have good abrasion and impact resistance properties. Factors such as the type of cement and the type and grading of aggregate used, influence the resistance of such tiles to chemicals including cleaning agents. Terrazzo tiles shall have a wear layer after grinding at least 6 mm composed of graded marble chipping in white, tinted or grey Portland cement on a layer of fine concrete. They may be ground after manufacture to expose the marble aggregate and subsequently grouted. Slip resisting grits may be incorporated. These tiles shall conform to BDS EN 13748-1:2008 Terrazzo tiles-Part 1: Terrazzo tiles for internal use; BDS EN 13748-2:2008 Terrazzo tiles-Part 2: Terrazzo tiles for external use; BDS 1262: 1990 Clay flooring tiles; BDS 1248: 1989 Ceramic unglazed vitreous acid resistant tiles or IS: 1237, Specification for cement concrete flooring tile.

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2.7.3 Asphalt Tiles/Flooring

Asphalt tiles/floorings are suitable for industrial flooring in areas where they will not be exposed to solvents, grease, oil, corrosive chemicals and excessive heat. Bitumen mastic for flooring shall conform to IS: 1195; IS: 8374 Bitumen Mastic, Anti-static and Electrically Conducting Grade and IS: 9510 Bitumen Mastic Acid Resisting Grade.

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2.7.4 Mosaic Tiles

Mosaic tiles of a variety of shapes and sizes may be used. Thickness of the wear layer is dependent on the sizes of marble chips but shall not be less than 6 mm thick. The tiles shall be wet cured for sufficient time before laying so that their surfaces are not damaged during grinding and polishing.

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2.7.5 Clay Tile

Clay floor tiles shall have sufficient strength and abrasion resistant characteristics to withstand the impact and abrasion they are likely to be subject to. When glazed earthenware tiles are used in flooring they shall conform to IS: 777 Glazed Earthenware Tiles.

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2.7.6 Vinyl Tiles

The vinyl tiles shall consist of a thoroughly blended composition of thermoplastic binder, asbestos fibre, fillers and pigments. The thermoplastic binder shall consist substantially of either or both of the following:

• (a) Vinyl chloride polymer
• (b) Vinyl chloride copolymers.

The polymeric material shall be compounded with suitable plasticizers and stabilizers. The tiles may be plain, patterned or mottled. The thickness shall not be less than 1.5 mm.

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2.7.7 Rubber Tiles

These tiles are composed of natural, synthetic or reclaimed rubber, or a combination of these, with reinforcing fibres, pigments, and fillers, vulcanized and molded under pressure. The tiles shall have excellent resilience and resistance to indentation, and good resistance to grease, alkali and abrasion. The thickness shall not be less than 2 mm.

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2.7.8 Cast In-situ Floor Coverings

• (a) Terrazzo: Terrazzo is a marble mosaic with Portland cement matrix and is generally composed of two parts marble chips to one part Portland cement. Color pigments may be added. The thickness of terrazzo topping may vary from 13 mm to 19 mm and may be applied to green concrete of the floor or bonded with neat Portland cement, or over a sand cushion placed on the concrete floor.
• (b) Concrete: A concrete topping may be applied to a concrete structural slab before or after the base slab has hardened. Integral toppings may generally be 25 mm to 40 mm thick; independent toppings about 25 mm to 50 mm thick. Aggregate sizes shall not exceed 6 mm.

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2.7.9 Other Flooring Materials

Other flooring materials i.e. bricks, natural stone, etc. showing satisfactory performance in similar situations may be allowed. Plastic flooring tile and ceramic unglazed vitreous acid resistant tiles, if used, shall conform to IS: 3464 and IS: 4357 respectively. Flooring compositions complying with IS: 657, Materials for use in the manufacture of magnesium oxychloride flooring composition; and IS: 9197, Epoxy resin composition for floor topping may be allowed. Linoleum sheets and tiles shall conform to IS: 653. Flooring materials shall also conform to the standards listed below.

• BDS 1248 Ceramic unglazed vitreous acid resistant tiles seat covers the requirements for ceramic unglazed vitreous acid resistant tiles used in lying of floors & lining of tanks subjected to corrosive conditions. Manufacture, Finish, Tests etc.
• BDS 1262 Clay flooring tiles.

Specifies the requirements for dimensions, quality & strength for clay flooring tiles & different types of tests. Specifies a method for the determination of lead and cadmium given off by the glaze of ceramic tiles. BDS ISO Ceramic tiles, Determination of small color differences. 10545 ‐ 16 Describes a method for utilizing color measuring instruments for quantifying the small color differences between plain colored glazed ceramic tiles, which are designed to be uniform and consistent color. It permits the specification of a maximum acceptable value which depends only on the closeness of match and not on the nature of the color difference.

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2.8 Steel

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2.8.1 Reinforcing Steel

Reinforcing steel shall comply with the requirements specified in Sec 2.4.6 in this Part.

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2.8.2 Structural Steel

Structural steel shall conform to Bangladesh Standards BDS 878: 1978, Specification for weld able structural steels; BDS 1355: 1992, Dimensions and properties of hot rolled steel beam, column, channel and angle sections. Where Bangladesh standards are not available, the relevant standards listed below shall be applicable. BDS 1429 Light gauge steel sections. BDS ISO 2566-1 Steel-Conversion of elongation values-Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steels.

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2.8.3 Steel Plate, Sheet and Strips

These shall conform to the following standards.

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2.8.4 Steel Pipe, Tube and Fittings

These items shall conform to the following Standards:

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2.8.5 Steel Bars, Wire and Wire Rods

These shall conform to the following Standards.

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2.8.6 Steel Fasteners

Steel fasteners shall conform to the following Standards:

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2.8.7 Welding Electrodes and Wires

Welding electrodes and wires shall conform to the following Standards:

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2.9 Timber & Wood Products

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2.9.1 Timber Types and Properties

Timber types for the structural purpose with their engineering characteristics are contained in Table 6.11.1 Part 6 of this Code. Details of the uses of timber in structures or elements of structures including terminology, material requirements, and moisture content preferred cut sizes of sawn timbers, grading, permissible defects, suitability in respect of durability and treatability, design criteria, and details of joints are also given in Chapter 11 Part 6. Timber and timber constructions shall satisfy the requirements of that Chapter and conform to the following Standards:

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2.9.2 Plywood

A wood structural panel comprised of plies of wood veneer arranged in cross-aligned layers. The plies are bonded with waterproof adhesive that cures on application of heat and pressure. Plywood shall conform to the following Standards:

• BDS 799 Specification for plywood for general purposes. BDS 1158 Specification for veneered decorative plywood.

For sampling and testing of plywood, the following Standards are applicable:

• BDS 1087 Specification for method of sampling of plywood. BDS 1090 Methods of test of plywood. IS 4990 Specification for plywood for concrete shattering work. IS 5509 Specification for fire retardant plywood. IS 5539 Specification for Preservative Treated Plywood.

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2.9.3 Particle Boards and Fibre Boards

A panel primarily composed of cellulosic materials (usually wood), generally in the form of discrete pieces or particles, as distinguished from fibers. The cellulosic material is combined with synthetic resin or other suitable bonding system by a process in which the inter-particle bond is created by the bonding system under heat and pressure. Fiber boards are fibrous, homogeneous panel made from lingo-cellulosic fibers (usually wood or cane) and having a density of less than 497 kg per cubic meter but more than 160 kg per cubic meter. These materials shall conform to the following standards: BDS 619 Specification for particle board (medium density).

• ISO 2696 Fibre building boards-Hard and medium boards-Quality.

Specifications- Water Absorption and Swelling in Thickness; Laminated boards having a core of strips, each not exceeding 7 mm in thickness, glued together face to face to form a slab which in turn is glued between two or more veneers, with the direction of the grain of the core strips running at right angles to that of the adjacent outer veneers. Wood based laminates shall conform to the following Standards: IS 3513 Specification for resin treated compressed wood laminates (compregs). Part 3 For general purposes. IS 3513 Specification for resin treated compressed wood laminates (compregs). Part 4 Sampling and Tests. IS 9307 Methods of tests for wood-based structural sandwich construction. (Parts I to VIII) Part I Flexure test. Part II Edgewise compression test. Part III Flatwise compression test. Part IV Shear test. Part V Flatwise tension test. Part VI Flexure creep test. Part VII Cantilever vibration test. Part VIII Weathering test.

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2.9.4 Adhesives and Glues

Adhesives and glues are used to join two or more parts so as to form a single unit. Adhesives shall conform to the following Standards: IS 848 Specification for synthetic resign adhesives for plywood (phenolic and aminoplastic). IS 849 Specification for cold setting case in glue for wood. IS 851 Specification for synthetic resin adhesives for construction work (nonstructural) in wood.

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2.10 Doors, Windows and Ventilators

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2.10.1 Wooden Doors, Windows and Ventilators

These shall conform to the following Standards:

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2.10.2 Metal Doors, Windows Frames and Ventilators

These shall conform to the following Standards:

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2.10.3 Plastic Doors and Windows

These shall conform to the following Standards: |BDS EN 477|Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) profiles for the
fabrication of windows and doors-Determination of the
resistance to impact of main profiles by falling mass.| |BDS EN 478|Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) profiles for the
fabrication of windows and doors-Determination of appearance
after exposure at $150^\circ\text{C}$.| |BDS EN 479|Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) profiles for the
fabrication of windows and doors-Determination of heat
reversion.| |BDS EN 513|Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) profiles for the
fabrication of windows and doors-Determination of the
resistance to artificial weathering.| |BDS EN 514|Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) profiles for the
fabrication of windows and doors-Determination of the strength
of welded corners and T-joints.| |BDS EN 12608|Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) profiles for the
fabrication of windows and doors-Classification, requirements
and test methods.| |BDS ISO 1163-1|Plastics-Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) molding and
extrusion materials-Part 1: Designation system and basis for
specifications.| |BDS ISO 1163-2|Plastics-Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) molding and
extrusion materials-Part 2: Preparation of test specimens and
determination of properties.| |IS 14856|Specification for glass fibre reinforced (GRP) panel type door
shutters for internal use.| |IS 15380|Specification for molded raised high density fibre (HDF) panel
doors.|

​

2.11 Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys

Aluminum used for structural purposes in buildings and structures shall comply with AA ASM 35 and AA ADM 1. Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys shall also conform to the following Standards:

​

2.12 Builders Hardware

The applicable Standards are listed below:

• BDS 113 Specification for latches and locks for doors in buildings. IS 204 Specification for tower bolts. Part 1 Ferrous metals. Part 2 Nonferrous metals.
• IS 205 Specification for nonferrous metal butt hinges. IS 206 Specification for tee and strap hinges. IS 208 Specification for door handles. IS 281 Specification for mild steel sliding door bolts for use with padlock. IS 362 Specification for parliament hinges. IS 363 Specification for hasps and staples. IS 364 Specification for fanlight catch. IS 452 Specification for door springs, rat-tail type. IS 453 Specification for double acting spring hinges. IS 729 Specification for drawer locks, cupboard locks and box locks. IS 1019 Specification for rim latches. IS 1341 Specification for steel butt hinges.

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2.13 Roof Coverings

​

2.13.1 Scope

The provisions of this Section shall govern the materials used for roof coverings.

​

2.13.2 Compatibility of Materials

All roofs and roof coverings shall be of materials that are compatible with each other and with the building or structure to which the materials are applied.

​

2.13.3 Material Specifications and Physical Characteristics

All materials to be used in the construction of roofs and roof coverings shall conform to the applicable standards listed in this Section. In the absence of applicable standards or when materials are of questionable suitability, testing by an approved testing agency may be required by the building official to determine the character, quality and limitations of use of the materials.

​

2.13.4 Weather Protection

All roofs shall be covered with approved roof coverings properly secured to the building or structure to resist wind and rain. Roof coverings shall be designed, installed and maintained in accordance with approved manufacturer’s recommendations such that the roof covering shall serve to protect the building or structure.

​

2.13.5 Wind Resistance

All roofs and roof coverings shall be secured in place to the building or structure to withstand the wind loads.

​

2.13.6 Structural and Construction Loads

The structural roof components shall be capable of supporting the roof covering system and the material and equipment loads that will be encountered during installation of the roof covering system.

​

2.13.7 Impact Resistance

Roof coverings shall resist impact damage based on the results of tests conducted in accordance with ASTM D4272 or ASTM D3746.

​

2.13.8 Metal-Sheet Roof Coverings

Metal-sheet roof coverings installed over structural framing and decking shall comply with BDS 868, Galvanized corrugated sheet roof and wall coverings; BDS 1122, Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and coil; ASTM A755/A755M or ASTM B101. Metal-sheet roof coverings shall be installed in accordance with approved manufacturer’s installation instructions.

​

2.13.9 Interlocking Clay or Cement Tile

Interlocking clay or cement tile shall be installed only over solid sheathing or spaced structural sheathing boards. Interlocking clay or cement tile shall not be installed on roof slopes below one unit vertical in three units horizontal (1:3). Horizontal battens shall be required on roof slopes over one unit vertical in two units horizontal (1:2). Single layer underlayment is required over solid sheathing on all roof slopes. Reinforced underlayment shall be required when spaced sheathing is used. Regardless of roof slope, the first three tile courses and all tiles within 900 mm of roof edges, tiles at changes in roof slope or changes in slope direction, shall be fastened to the roof. For the field of the roof, fastening is not required on roof slopes below one unit vertical in two units horizontal (1:2). Every other tile course shall be fastened on roof slopes 1:2 to less than 1:1; and every tile shall be fastened on roof slopes 1:1 and over. Tile overlap shall be in accordance with approved manufacturer’s installation instructions.

​

2.13.10 Non-interlocking Clay or Cement Tile

Non-interlocking clay or cement tile shall not be installed on roof slopes below one unit vertical in five units horizontal (1:5). Double layer underlayment is required on roof slopes below one unit vertical in four units horizontal (1:4). Single layer underlayment is required on all other roof slopes. Non-interlocking clay or cement tile shall be secured to the roof with two fasteners per tile. The minimum tile overlap shall be 75 mm.

​

2.13.11 Roof Insulation

Rigid combustible roof insulation shall be permitted, provided the insulation is covered with approved roof coverings directly applied thereto. In-situ lime concrete may be used on flat roofs of buildings. Minimum compacted thickness of such a layer shall be 75 mm and have adequate slope for drainage. The materials used in lime concrete shall conform to the standards specified in Sec 2.5 of this Part.

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2.13.12 Recovering and Replacement of Roof Coverings

New roof coverings shall not be installed without first removing existing roof coverings when the existing roof or roof covering is water soaked or has deteriorated to the point that the existing roof or roof covering is not acceptable as a base for additional roofing.

​

2.13.13 Reuse of Materials

Existing slate, clay or cement tile shall be permitted for reuse, except that damaged, cracked or broken slate or tile shall not be reused. Existing vent flashings, metal edgings, drain outlets, collars and metal counter flashings shall not be reused where rusted, damaged or deteriorated. Aggregate surfacing materials shall not be reused.

​

2.13.14 Applicable Standards

The applicable Standards for materials used in roofs and roof coverings are listed below:

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2.14 Paints and Varnishes

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2.14.1 Water Based Paints and Pigments

Water based paints shall conform to the following Standards: BDS 500 Specification for distemper dry. BDS 1097 Specification for plastic emulsion paint. Part 1 for Interior use. Part 2 for Exterior use. IS 427 Specification for distemper, dry, color as required. IS 428 Specification for distemper, washable. IS 5410 Specification for cement paint, color as required. IS 5411 Specification for plastic emulsion paint. Part 1: For interior use. Part 2: For exterior use

​

2.14.2 Ready Mixed Paints, Enamels and Powder Coatings

Ready mixed paints and enamels shall conform to the following Standards: grind (Part 4/Sec 1): Optical test, Section 1 Opacity. (Part 4/Sec 2): Optical test, Section 2 Color. (Part 4/Sec 3): Optical test, Section 3 Light fastness test. (Part 4/Sec 4): Optical test, Section 4 Gloss. (Part 5/Sec 1): Mechanical test on paint films, Section 1 Hardness tests. (Part 5/Sec 2): Mechanical test on paint films, Section 2 Flexibility and adhesion. (Part 5/Sec 3): Mechanical test on paint films, Section 3 Impact resistance. (Part 5/Sec 4): Mechanical test on paint films, Section”4 Print free test. (Part 6/Sec 1): Durability tests, Section 1 Resistance to humidity under conditions of condensation. (Part 6/Sec 2): Durability tests, Section 2 Keeping properties. (Part 6/Sec 3): Durability tests, Section 3 Moisture vapour permeability. (Part 6/Sec 4): Durability tests, Section 4 Degradation of coatings (pictorial aids for evaluation). (Part 6/Sec 5): Durability tests, Section 5 Accelerated weathering test. (Part 7/Sec 1): Environmental tests on paint films, Section 1 Resistance to water. (Part 7/Sec 2): Environmental tests on paint films, Section 2 Resistance to liquids. (Part 7/Sec 3): Environmental tests on paint films, Section 3 Resistance to heat. (Part 7/Sec 4): Environmental tests on paint films, Section 4 Resistance to bleeding of pigments. (Part 8/Sec 1): Tests for pigments and other solids, Section 1 Residue on sieve. (Part 8/Sec 2): Tests for pigments and other solids, Section 2 Pigments and nonvolatile matter. (Part 8/Sec 3): Tests for pigments and other solids, Section 3 Ash content. (Part 8/Sec 4): Tests for pigments and other solids, Section 4 Phthalic anhydride. (Part 8/Sec 5): Tests for pigments and other solids, Section 5 Lead restriction test. (Part 8/Sec 6): Tests for pigments and other solids, Section 6 Volume solids.

• (Part 9/Sec 1): Tests for lacquers and varnish, Section 1 Acid value. (Part 9/Sec 2): Tests for lacquers and varnish, Section 2 Rosin test.
• IS 104 Specification for ready mixed paint, brushing, zinc chrome, priming. IS 109 Specification for ready mixed paint, brushing, priming, plaster to Indian Standard colors No. 361 and 631.
• IS 123 Specification for ready mixed paint, brushing, finishing, semi-gloss, for general purposes, to Indian Standard colors No. 445, 446, 448, 449, 451 and 473; and red oxide (color unspecified).
• IS 133 Specification for enamel, interior (a) undercoating, (b) finishing. IS 137 Specification for ready mixed paint, brushing, matt or egg-shell flat, finishing, interior, to Indian Standard color, as required.
• IS 158 Specification for ready mixed paint, brushing, bituminous, black, leadfree, acid, alkali, and heat resisting.
• IS 168 Specification for ready mixed paint, air-drying semi-glossy/matt, for general purposes.
• IS 341 Specification for black Japan, Types A, B and C. IS 2074 Specification for ready mixed paint, air drying red oxide-zinc chrome, priming.
• IS 2075 Specification for ready mixed paint, stoving, red oxide-zinc chrome, priming.

​

2.14.3 Thinners and Solvents

These shall conform to the following Standards: IS 324 Specification for ordinary denatured spirit. IS 82 Methods of sampling and test for thinners and solvents for paints.

​

2.14.4 Varnishes and Lacquers

These materials shall conform to the following Standards:

• BDS 401 Specification for varnish, finishing, exterior, type-I, (synthetic). BDS 1064 Specification for varnish, stoving. BDS 1065 Specification for varnish, acid resisting. BDS 1066 Specification for varnish, finishing, interior. IS 337 Specification for varnish, finishing, interior. IS 347 Specification for varnish, shellac for general purposes. IS 348 Specification for french polish. IS 524 Specification for varnish, finishing, exterior, synthetic. IS 525 Specification for varnish, finishing, exterior and general purposes. IS 642 Specification for varnish medium for aluminum paint.

​

2.15 Sanitary Appliances and Water Fittings

​

2.15.1 Sanitary Appliances

Sanitary appliances shall conform to the following Standards:

• ASHRAE 90A Energy conservation in new building design. ASHRAE 90B Energy Conservation in New Building Design. AWWA C700 Cold-Water Meters-Displacement type, bronze main case. AWWA C701 Cold-Water Meters-Turbine type, for customer service. AWWA C702 Cold-Water Meters-Compound type. BDS 1162 Ceramic wash basin and pedestal, ceramic wash basin and pedestals dimension, design & construction, type, permissible deviation

​

2.15.2 Pipes and Pipe Fittings for Water Supply and Sanitation

Pipes and pipe fittings for water supply and sanitation shall comply with the following Standards: |BDS 1111|Centrifugally cast (spun) iron pressure pipes for water, gas and
sewage.| |BDS 1356|Specification for ferrules for water services.| |BDS 1357|Specification for washers with fittings for water service.| |BDS 1361|Faucets.| ||This standard specifies the technical requirements of various
types of Faucets.| |BDS 1562|Solvent cements for polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastic pipe and
fitting.| |BDS 1593|Plastic sanitary squatting pan.
Pan lays down the requirement for material, dimension physical
requirements and testing for power flush type injection molded
high density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP)
squatting pan.| |BDS EN 1254‐2|Copper and copper alloys ‐ Plumbing fittings-Part 2: Fittings with
compression ends for use with copper tubes.| |BDS EN 1717|Protection against pollution of potable water in water installations
and general requirements of devices to prevent pollution by
backflow.| |BDS EN 14506|Devices to prevent pollution by backflow of potable water-
Automatic diverter-Family H, type C.| |BDS ISO 3419|Non-alloy and alloy steel butt-welding fittings.| |BDS ISO 5251|Stainless steel butt-welding fittings.| |BDS ISO 6761|Steel tubes-Preparation of ends of tubes and fittings for welding.| |BDS ISO 3822-1|Acoustics: Laboratory tests on noise emission from appliances
and equipment used in water supply installations-Part 1: Method
of measurement.| |BDS ISO 3822 ‐2|Acoustics: Laboratory tests on noise emission from appliances
and equipment used in water supply installations-Part 2:
Mounting and operating conditions for draw‐off taps and mixing
valves.| |BDS ISO 3822 ‐4|Acoustics: Laboratory tests on noise emission from appliances
and equipment used in water supply installations-Part 4:
Mounting and operating conditions for special appliances.| |BDS ISO 161-1|Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids Nominal
outside diameters and Nominal Pressures- Part 1: Metric series.| |BDS ISO 161-2|Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids- Nominal
outside diameters and Nominal Pressures- Part 2: Inch-based
series.| |BDS ISO 265-1|Pipes and fittings of plastics materials- fittings for domestic and
industrial waste pipes- Basic dimensions: Metric series- Part 1:
Un-plasticized Poly (Vinyl chloride) (PVC-U).| |BDS ISO 1167-1|Thermoplastics pipes fittings and assemblies for the conveyance
of fluids-Determination of the resistance to internal pressure- Part
1: General method.| |BDS ISO 1167-2|Thermoplastics pipes fittings and assemblies for the conveyance
of fluids- Determination of the resistance to internal pressure-
Part 2: Preparation of pipe test pieces.| |BDS ISO 1746|Rubber or Plastics hoses and tubing-bending tests.| |BDS ISO 2505|Thermoplastics pipes- Longitudinal reversion-Test method and
parameters.| |BDS ISO 2507-2|Thermoplastics pipes and fittings-Vista softening temperature-
Part 2: Test conditions for Un-plasticized polyvinylchloride
(PVC-U) or chlorinated polyvinylchloride (PVC-C) pipes and
fittings and for high impact resistance polyvinylchloride (PVC-
HI) pipes.| |BDS ISO 3114|Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipes for potable water
supply-Extractability of lead and tin- Test method.| |BDS ISO 3126|Plastics piping systems-Plastics components- Determination of
dimensions.| |BDS ISO 3127|Thermoplastics pipes-Determination of resistance to external
blows-round-the-clock method.| |BDS ISO 3501|Assembled joints between fittings and polyethylene (PE) pressure
pipes-Test of resistance to pull-out.| |BDS ISO 3503|Assembled joints between fittings and polyethylene (PE) pressure
pipes-Test of leak proofness under internal pressure when
subjected to bending.| |BDS ISO 3633|Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high
temperature) inside buildings-Specifications.| |BDS ISO 6964|Polyolefin pipes and fittings-Determination of carbon black
content by calcinations and pyrolysis-Test method and basic
specification.| |BDS ISO 4065|Thermoplastics pipes- Universal wall thickness table.| |BDS ISO /TR
4191|Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) pipes for water supply-
Recommended practice for laying.| |BDS ISO 4422-1|Pipes and fittings made of unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-
U) for water supply-Specifications-Part 1: General.| |BDS ISO 4422-2|Pipes and fittings made of unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-
U) for water supply-Specifications-Part 2: Pipes (with or without
integral sockets).| |BDS ISO 4422-3|Pipes and fittings made of unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-
U) for water supply- Specifications-Part 3: Fittings and joints.| |BDS ISO 4422-4|Pipes and fittings made of unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-
U) for water supply- Specifications- Part 4: Valves and ancillary
equipment.| |BDS ISO 4422-5|Pipes and fittings made of unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-
U) for water supply- Specifications- Part 5: Fitness for purpose of
the system.| |BDS ISO 4433-3|Thermoplastics
pipes-
Resistance
to
liquid
chemicals-
Classification-Part 3: Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U),
high- impact polyvinylchloride (PVC-HI) and chlorinated
polyvinylchloride (PVC -C) pipes.| |BDS ISO 4435|Plastic piping systems for non- pressure underground drainage
and sewerage- Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U).| |BDS ISO 4439|Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipes and fittings-
Determination and specification of density.| |BDS ISO 6259-1|Thermoplastics pipes-Determination of tensile properties-Part 1:
General test method.| |BDS ISO 6259-2|Thermoplastics pipes-Determination of tensile properties- Part 2:
Pipes made of unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U),
Chlorinated
polyvinylchloride
(PVC-C),
and
high-impact
polyvinylchloride (PVC-HI).| |BDS ISO 6992|Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) pipes for drinking
water supply-Extractability of cadmium and mercury occurring as
impurities.| |BDS ISO 9624|Thermoplastics
pipes
for
fluids
under
pressure-Mating
dimensions of flange adapters and loose backing flanges.| |BDS ISO 11413|Plastics pipes and fittings-Preparation of test piece assemblies
between a polyethylene (PE) pipe and an electro fusion fitting
BDS ISO 11414, Plastics pipes and fittings-Preparation of
polyethylene (PE) pipe/pipe or pipe/fitting test piece assemblies
by butt fusion.| |BDS ISO 12176-2|Plastics pipes and fittings-Equipment for fusion jointing
polyethylene systems-Part 2: Electro fusion| |BDS ISO 12176-3|Plastics pipes and fittings-Equipment for fusion jointing
polyethylene systems-Part 3: Operator’s badge.| |BDS ISO 12176-4|Plastics pipes and fittings-Equipment for fusion jointing
polyethylene systems-Part 4: Traceability coding.| |BDS ISO 13479|Polyolefin pipes for the conveyance of fluids-Determination of
resistance to crack propagation-Test method for slow crack
growth on notched pipes (notch test).| |BDS ISO 13761|Plastics pipes and fittings-Pressure reduction factors for
polyethylene pipeline systems for use at temperatures above
20°C.| |BDS ISO 13951|Plastics piping systems-Test method for the resistance of
polyolefin pipe/pipe or pipe/fitting assemblies to tensile loading.| |BDS ISO 13953|Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings-Determination of the tensile
strength and failure mode of test pieces from a butt-fused joint.| |BDS ISO 13954|Plastics pipes and fittings-Peel de-cohesion test for polyethylene (PE) electro fusion assemblies of nominal outside diameter
greater than or equal to 90 mm.| |BDS ISO 13955|Plastics pipes and fittings-Crushing de-cohesion test for
polyethylene (PE) electro fusion assemblies.| |BDS ISO 13957|Plastics pipes and fittings-Polyethylene (PE) tapping tees-Test
method for impact resistance.| |BDS ISO 14236|Plastics pipes and fittings-Mechanical-joint compression fittings
for use with polyethylene pressure pipes in water supply systems.| |BDS ISO 18553|Method for the assessment of the degree of pigment or carbon
black dispersion in polyolefin pipes, fittings and compounds.| |BDS ISO 18553|Method for the assessment of the degree of pigment or carbon
black dispersion in polyolefin pipes, fittings and compounds
Amendment 1:2010.| |BDS ISO 4427-1|Plastics piping systems-Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings for
water supply-Part 1: General.| |BDS ISO 4427-2|Plastics piping systems-Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings for
water supply-Part 2: Pipes.| |BDS ISO 4427-3|Plastics piping systems-Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings for
water supply-Part 3: Fittings.| |BDS ISO 4427-5|Plastics piping systems-Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings for
water supply-Part 5: Fitness for purpose of the system.| |BDS ISO 4427-1|Plastics piping systems-Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings for
water
supply-Part
1:
General
Technical
corrigendum
1: 2010.| |BDS ISO 3458|Assembled joints between fittings and polyethylene (PE) pressure
pipes-Test of leak proofness under internal pressure.| |BDS ISO 3459|Polyethylene
(PE)
pressure
pipes-Joints
assembled
with
mechanical fittings-Internal under pressure test method and
requirement.| |ASTM A53/A53M|Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped,
Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless.| |ASTM A74|Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings.| |ASTM A377|Standard Index of Specifications for Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe.| |ASTM B42|Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes.| |ASTM B43|Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard
Sizes.| |ASTM B75|Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube.| |ASTM B88|Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube.| |ASTM B251|Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought
Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube.| |ASTM B302|Standard Specification for Thread-less Copper Pipe, Standard
Sizes.| |ASTM B306|Standard Specification for Copper Drainage Tube (DWV).| |ASTM B429/B429M|Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Structural Pipe and Tube.| |ASTM B447|Standard Specification for Welded Copper Tube.| |ASTM B745/B745M|Standard Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Pipe for Sewers and Drains.| |ASTM C14|Standard Specification for Non-reinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm
Drain, and Culvert Pipe.| |ASTM C76|Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm
Drain, and Sewer Pipe.| |ASTM C654|Standard Specification for Porous Concrete Pipe.| |ASTM C700|Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
Standard Strength, and Perforated.| |ASTM D1527|Standard
Specification
for
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
(ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80.| |ASTM D1785|Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120.| |ASTM D2239|Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-
PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter.| |ASTM D2241|Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-
Rated Pipe (SDR Series).| |ASTM D2321|Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic
Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications ASTM
D2464 Standard Specification for Threaded Polyvinyl Chloride
(PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80.| |ASTM D2466|Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Pipe
Fittings, Schedule 40ASTM D2467 Standard Specification for
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80.| |ASTM D2609|Standard Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene
(PE) Plastic Pipe.| |ASTM D2661|Standard
Specification
for
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
(ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and
Fittings.| ||Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic| |ASTM D2665|Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings.| |ASTM D2672|Standard Specification for Joints for IPS PVC Pipe Using Solvent
Cement.| |ASTM D2729|Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer
Pipe and Fittings.| |ASTM D2737|Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing.| |ASTM D2751|Standard
Specification
for
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
(ABS) Sewer Pipe and Fittings.| |ASTM D2846/D2846M|Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems.| |ASTM D2949|Standard Specification for 3.25-in. Outside Diameter Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and
Fittings.| |ASTM D3034|Standard Specification for Type PSM Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
(PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings.| |ASTM F405|Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipe
and Fittings.| |ASTM F409|Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Accessible and
Replaceable Plastic Tube and Tubular Fittings.| |ASTM F437|Standard Specification for Threaded Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl
Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80.| |ASTM F438|Standard Specification for Socket-Type Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl
Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40.| |ASTM B209|Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet
and Plate.| |ASTM F441/F441M|Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80.| |ASTM
F442/F442M|Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
(CPVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR).| |ASTM F628|Standard
Specification
for
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
(ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe With a
Cellular Core.| |ASTM F891|Standard Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
(PVC) Plastic Pipe With a Cellular Core.| |IS 404 (Part-I)|Specification for lead pipes Part I for other than chemical
purpose.| |ISO 2531|Ductile Iron pipes, fittings and accessories for pressure pipelines.| |ASME/ANSI
B16.3|Malleable iron threaded fittings: Classes 150 and 300.| |ASME/ANSI B16.485|Cast Iron threaded fittings.| |ASME/ANSI B16.9|Factory made wrought steel butt welding fittings.| |ASME/ANSI B16.11|Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded.| |ASME/ABSI B16.12|Cast-Iron Threaded Drainage Fittings;| |ASME/ANSI
B16.15|Cast Copper Alloy Threaded Fittings: Classes 125 and 250.| |ASME/ANSI
B16.18|Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings.| |ASME/ANSI
B16.22|Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings.| |ASME/ANSI B16.23|Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings (DWV).| |ASME/ANSI
B16.28|Wrought Steel Butt welding Short radius Elbows and Returns.| |ASME/ANSI B16.29|Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint Fittings for solvent Drainage Systems.| |ASME/ANSI B16.32|Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Fittings for Solvent Drainage Systems.| |AWWA C110|Standard for Grey Iron and Ductile Iron Fittings, 76 mm to 1220
mm (3 in. through 48 inches), for Water and Other Liquids.|

​

2.15.3 Joints and Connections Between Pipes and Fittings

Applicable standards for joints and connections between pipes and fittings are listed below:

​

2.15.4 Taps and Valves

Taps and valves shall conform to the following Standards:

​

2.16 Miscellaneous Materials

​

2.16.1 Ferrocement

Details including material requirements are given in Chapter 12 Part 6.

​

2.16.2 Plastics

Plastics may be used in buildings or structures as light transmitting materials such as glazing, skylights, lighting lenses, luminous ceilings, roof panels, signs and similar purposes. Foam plastics are also used in buildings. Applicants for approval of a plastic material shall furnish all necessary technical data required by the Building Official. The data shall include chemical composition; applicable physical, mechanical and thermal properties such as fire resistance, flammability and flame spread; weather resistance; electrical properties; products of combustion; and coefficient of expansion. The requirements for light transmitting plastics, including roof panels and foam plastics are given below.

​

2.16.2.1 Light Transmitting Plastics

An approved light transmitting plastic shall be any thermoplastic, thermosetting or reinforced thermosetting plastic material which has a self-ignition temperature of $343^\circ\text{C}$ or greater when tested in accordance with, Test Method for Ignition Properties of Plastics; a smoke density rating not greater than 450 when tested in the manner intended for use in accordance with ASTM E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials; or not greater than 75 when tested in the thickness intended for use in accordance with ASTM D2843 Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of Plastics; and which conforms to one of the following combustibility classifications: Class C1 : Plastic materials which have a burning extent of 25 mm or less when tested at a nominal thickness of 1.5 mm, or in the thickness intended for use, in accordance with ASTM D635 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Self-Supporting Plastics in Horizontal Position; or Class C2: Plastic materials which have a burning rate of 63 mm/min or less when tested at a nominal thickness of 1.5 mm, or in the thickness intended for use, in accordance with ASTM D635.

​

2.16.2.2 Foam Plastics

All foam plastics and foam plastic cores of manufactured assemblies shall have a flame spread rating of not more than 75 and shall have a smoke developed rating of not more than 450 when tested in the maximum thickness intended for use in accordance with ASTM E84. All foam plastics, unless otherwise indicated in this Section, shall be separated from the interior of a building by an approved thermal barrier of 13 mm gypsum wall board or equivalent thermal barrier material which will limit the average temperature rise of the unexposed surface to not more than $121^\circ\text{C}$ after 15 minutes of fire exposure complying with the standard time-temperature curve of ASTM E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials. The thermal barrier shall be installed in such a manner that it will stay in place for a minimum of 15 minutes under the same testing conditions. The thermal barrier is not required when the foam plastic is protected by a 25 mm minimum thickness of masonry or concrete.

​

2.16.2.3 Applicable Standards

A list of applicable Standards for plastics is given below:

​

2.16.3 Ballies and Wood Poles

Ballies of Sal/Gazari, Sundari and Garjan are used in building construction. These shall be free from rots, knots and sap, and straight and uniform in size. These should conform to the following Standards:

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2.16.4 Bamboos

The following standards shall be applicable for bamboos used for structural and nonstructural purposes: IS 1902 Code of Practice for Preservation of Bamboo and Cane for Nonstructural Purposes; IS 6874 Method of Tests for Round Bamboos. IS 8242 Methods of Tests for Split Bamboo. IS 8295 Specification for Bamboo Chicks, Part I Fine. IS 9096 Code of Practice for Preservation of Bamboos for Structural Purposes.

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2.16.5 Fillers, Stoppers and Putties

These shall conform to the following standards:

• IS 110 Specification for ready mixed paint, brushing, grey filler, for enamels, for use over primers.
• IS 345 Specification for wood filler, transparent, liquid. IS 419 Specification for putty for use on window frames. IS 421 Specification for jointing paste, for bedding moldings on coaching stock.
• IS 423 Specification for plastic wood, for joiners’ filler. IS 424 Specification for plastic asphalt. IS 3709 Specification for mastic cement for bedding of metal windows.

IS 7164 Specification for Stopper.

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2.16.6 Wire Ropes and Wire Products

These materials shall conform to the following standards:

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2.16.7 Waterproofing and Damp-proofing Materials

Waterproofing and damp-proofing materials shall conform to the following standards:

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2.16.8 Glazed Tiles and Tile-setting Mortars

Glazed tiles shall conform to the following standards:

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2.16.8.1 Mortars for Ceramic Wall and Floor Tile

• (a) Portland Cement Mortars: Portland cement mortars for installing ceramic wall and floor tile shall comply with ANSI A108.1 and be of the compositions indicated in Table 5.2.1.
• (b) Dry-set Portland Cement Mortars: Premixed prepared Portland cement mortars, which require only the addition of water and which are used in the installation of ceramic tile, shall comply with ANSI A 118.1. The shear bond strength for tile set in such mortar shall be as required in accordance with that standard. Tile set in dry-set Portland cement mortar shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A 108.5.
• (c) Electrically Conductive Dry-Set Mortars: Premixed prepared Portland cement mortars, which require only the addition of water and which comply with ANSI A118.2, shall be used in the installation of electrically conductive ceramic tile. Tile set in electrically conductive dry-set mortar shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A 108.7.
• (d) Latex-modified Portland Cement Mortars: Latex-modified Portland cement thin set mortars in which Lalex is added to dry-set mortar as a replacement for all or part of the gauging water which are used for the installation of ceramic tile shall comply with ANSI A 118.4. Tile set in latex-modified Portland cement mortar shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A 108.5.
• (e) Epoxy Mortar: Chemical-resistant epoxy for setting and grouting ceramic tile shall comply with ANSI A 118.3-2009. Tile set and grouted with epoxy shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A 108.6.
• (f) Furan Mortar and Grout: Chemical resistant furan mortar and grout which are used to install ceramic tile shall comply with ANSI A 118.5. Tile set and grouted with furan shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A 108.8.
• (g) Modified Epoxy-Emulsion Mortar and Grout: Modified epoxy-emulsion mortar and grout which are used to install ceramic tile shall comply with

ANSI A 118.8. Tile set and grouted with modified epoxy-emulsion mortar and grout shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A 108.9.

• (h) Organic Adhesives: Water-resistant organic adhesives used for the installation of ceramic tile shall comply with ANSI A 136.1. The shear bond strength after water immersion shall not be less than 0.25 $\text{kN/mm}^2$ for Type I adhesive, and not less than 0.13 $\text{kN/mm}^2$ for Type II adhesive when tested in accordance with ANSI A 136.1. Tile set in organic adhesive shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A 108.4.
• (i) Portland Cement Grouts: Portland cement grouts used for the installation of ceramic tile shall comply with ANSI A 118.6. Portland cement grouts for tile work shall be installed in accordance with ANSI A 108.10.

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2.16.8.2 Applicable Standards

A list of applicable Standards for tiles, mortars and adhesives is given below:

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2.16.9 Refractories

Refractories shall conform to the following Standards:

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2.16.10 Thermal Insulating Materials

Thermal insulation may be in the following physical forms:

• Loose fill dry granules or nodules poured or below in place;
• Flexible or semi rigid blankets and bolts of wool like material;
• Rigid boards and blocks;
• Membrane reflective insulation;
• Spray applied mineral fibre or insulating concrete;
• Poured in plain-insulating concrete;
• Foamed in place-polyurethane;
• Gypsum plaster.

Thermal insulating materials shall conform to the Standards listed below:

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2.16.11 Screw Threads and Rivets

These shall conform to the following standards:

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2.16.12 Sealants

Sealants shall conform to the following Standards: |ASTM C509|Standard Specification for Elastomeric Cellular Preformed Gasket
and Sealing Material.| |ASTM C542|Standard Specification for Lock-Strip Gaskets.| |ASTM C564|Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil Pipe
and Fittings.| |ASTM C716|Standard Specification for Installing Lock-Strip Gaskets and Infill
Glazing Materials.| |ASTM C719|Standard Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elastomeric
Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (Hockman Cycle).| |ASTM C1193|Standard Guide for Use of Joint Sealants.| |ASTM C794|Standard Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric Joint
Sealants.| |ASTM C834|Standard Specification for Latex Sealants.| |ASTM C864|Standard Specification for Dense Elastomeric Compression Seal
Gaskets, Setting Blocks, and Spacers.| |ASTM C919|Standard Practice for Use of Sealants in Acoustical Applications.| |ASTM C920|Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants.| |ASTM C1193|Standard Guide for Use of Joint Sealants.| |ASTM D2628|Standard Specification for Preformed Polychloroprene Elastomeric
Joint Seals for Concrete Pavements.| |ASTM D6690|Standard Specification for Joint and Crack Sealants, Hot Applied,
for Concrete and Asphalt Pavements.| |ASTM D3406|Standard Specification for Joint Sealant, Hot-Applied, Elastomeric-
Type, for Portland Cement Concrete Pavements.| |ASTM D3667|Standard Specification for Rubber Seals Used in Flat-Plate Solar
Collectors.| |ASTM D3771|Standard Specification for Rubber Seals Used in Concentrating
Solar Collectors.| |ASTM D3832|Standard Specification for Rubber Seals Contacting Liquids in Solar
Energy Systems.| |ISO 3934|Rubber building gaskets-materials in preformed solid vulcanizates
used for sealing glazing and panels-specification.| |ISO 4633|Rubber seals-joint rings for water supply, drainage and sewerage
pipelines-specifications for materials| |ISO 4635|Rubber, vulcanized-preformed compression seals for use between
concrete motorway paving sections-specifications for material.| |ISO 5892|Rubber Building Gaskets-Materials for Preformed Solid Vulcanized
Structural Gaskets-Specification;| |ISO 6447|Rubber seals-joint rings used for gas supply pipes and fittings-
specification for material.| |ISO 9331|Rubber seals joint rings for hot water supply pipelines up to $110^\circ\text{C}$
specifications for the material.|

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2.16.13 Joints and Jointing Products

Joints and jointing products shall conform to the following Standards:

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2.16.14 Glass and Glazing

The applicable Standards for glass and glazing are listed below:

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2.17 Cgi Sheet Roofing and Walling

Galvanized corrugated steel sheets conforming to BDS 868, Galvanized Corrugated Sheet Roof and Wall Coverings, may be used over structural framing for construction of roofs and walls. Requirements for various roofing materials including CGI sheet have been specified in Sec 2.13 above.